Linux is a free and open source operating system. There are many variants of Linux out there. They are typically called Linux distribution. Suse, OpenSUSE, Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Arch, Fedora, RHEL all are common Linux distribution names. Knowing your os version and name can be very useful for security patches.
Check os version in Linux
The procedure to find os name and version on Linux:
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Open the terminal application (bash shell)
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For remote server login using the ssh: ssh user@server-name
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Type any one of the following command to find os name and version in Linux:
cat /etc/os-release
lsb_release -a
hostnamectl
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Type the following command to find Linux kernel version:
uname -r